Mangrove forest on Bintan island. Photo by Joshua Gebert.

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Trees that grow here face unique conditions: flooding up to two times a day, soil low in
oxygen, salty water, and in some locations, serious disturbances such as tsunamis. They
have developed interesting adaptations in response: specialized roots that breathe out of
water, leaves that exude excess salt, and saplings, also called propagules, that germinate on
the parent tree first, before being released into the soil, therefore increasing their chances
of survival.